24 May 2012 Quinoa: the Andes’ new cash crop
A few decades ago Peruvians looked down on quinoa, a fixture of Andean diets for centuries, as food for the poorest of the poor — when it was not being fed to chickens. Evo Morales, Bolivia’s first indigenous president, declared 2012 the “year of quinoa” to reverse discrimination against “Indian” foods.
Yet this protein-rich chenopod, a member of the spinach family, no longer needs Morales’s help, reports The Economist.
Thanks to a growing global appetite for organic foods, Bolivia earned $64m from quinoa exports, in 2011, 36% more than in 2010. Peru banked $23m, almost twice as much as the year before.
“Quinoa consumption in industrialised countries used to be a niche market, but…in the past few years we have seen a major leap in demand and pricing,” says Francisco Diez-Canseco of Grupo Orgánico Nacional, a Peruvian exporter. He says that the UN’s decision to take a cue from Morales and make 2013 the international year of quinoa could push foreign food firms to use it in their products.
As the market for quinoa has grown, so have efforts to cultivate it. In Peru production has risen from 7 000 tonnes a year in the 1980s to 42 500 tonnes last year, aided by new growing regions like the department of Arequipa.
In Bolivia, where land suitable for quinoa is scarce, farmers are squabbling over existing plots.
In March residents of two indigenous towns fought with sticks and grenades over the right to grow quinoa in a disputed arid area on their border, leaving 34 people injured. Following days of negotiations and sporadic outbursts of violence, the two sides agreed to share the crop, pending GPS mapping and the presentation of historical documents on boundary claims.
Paradoxically, the increasing popularity of quinoa may hinder Morales’s campaign to boost local consumption. As world prices rise, Bolivian producers have an ever-greater incentive to ship their crops abroad rather than squander them at their own dinner tables. Whether they will use the proceeds on similarly healthy foods — which are a rarity in the remote highlands — remains to be seen.
Source: The Economist
Additional reading:
Quinoa’s global success creates quandary at home (March 2011)